buy custom Psoriasis essay

buy custom Psoriasis essay Psoriasis is a non-contagious chronic skin disease that is characterized by inflammatory and multiplying itchy patches on the skin and is clinically identified by well established, erythematous red papules and plaques having silvery scales. These patches usually appear on the elbows, knees, external surfaces, and scalp, but may be manifested all over the body (Oguejiofo, 2010). As the condition advances, one may also develop inflamed and achy joints, experience alterations in the appearance of nails, feel fatigue, and develop redness and pain around the eyes. The disease may be influenced by particular systemic and ecological features, but the course cannot be exactly identified. Immune system malfunctions arise from genetic information, where a patient carries genes, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)that is known to cause swellings, highly found in individuals with psoriatic arthritis, and claimed to be one of the instigators (Langley, 2010). The immune malfunction leads to a rapid growth cycle of skin cells, which then die, but instead of falling off accumulate to form patches or, in some cases, inflammations and damages to the joints (Oguejiofo, 2010). Psoriasis can be caused by a genetic inheritance, though the process of inheritance is unclear, but assumed to be polygenic after analysis of the historical lineage of the patients. HLA system includes genes HLA B16, Cw6, B13, and B27, which are the genetic indicators in different psoriatic populations (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Some of the factors that may aggravate and onset psoriasis according to Bandyopadhyay (2012) include: Trauma; this involves the growth of psoriatic wounds at the injured spot, which can be a result of physical, chemical, surgical, infective injuries, or inflammations. This is also known as Koebner phenomenon. Infection; a severe development of guttate psoriasis may occasionally be activated by the infection of streptococcal pharyngitis. Equally, HIV infection is also linked to the intensification in disease. Drugs; exposure to Lithium, withdrawal from systemic corticosteroids, antimalarial drugs, NSAID, and beta-blockers may catalyze the development of the disease (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Other potential activators of the disease include strong sunlight, psychological stress, cigarette smoking, and alcohol (commonly experienced by males). Role of Immune Response The precise immune-pathogenesis of psoriasis is not clearly known. However, its etiology is associated with immunologic factors. The disease entails development of epidermal hyperplasia, existence of acute inflammatory cells, and alterations of vascular inflammation. The skin epidermis and dermis of a psoriatic plaque usually contain high numbers of different immune system cells, such as activated T cells, activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (Bandyopadhyay, 2012) (which include Langerhans, dendritic cells, and macrophages), hyper-proliferating keratinocytes, and neutrophils (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). The stimulation of the dermal cells, APCs, or keratinocytes may lead to stimulation of antigen production. The secretion of cytokine, lymphokine antigens, and the enhancement of T-cell in turn activates inflammations and hyper-proliferation of epidermal cells bringing to the clinical lesions termed as psoriasis (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Nursing Assessment Nursing assessment involves physical examination, where a nurse interviews patients about their feelings, possibility of past injury, or exposure to chemicals. A patient suffering from psoriasis may record a feeling of soreness, burning, itchiness of the skin, or painful joints (Langley, 2010). Assessment process also includes inspection, where nurse observes the affected body parts and examines the presence of thickened skin with red papules covered with silvery scales. Palpation helps nurses to identify the texture of thickened skin. Physical examination of a typical lesion of psoriasis manifests features, such as lesions showing distinct borders, which are raised above the skin surface, appear red in color, and may be bounded by a pale halo. The lesions commonly are more than one centimeter in diameter and appear round or oval shaped (Langley, 2010). These lesions sometimes merge to form wide geographic patterns and are enclosed with loosely attached silvery white scales, which, when removed, may expose bleeding points. The parts usually affected are the elbows, shins, sacral regions, nails, and knees, among others. Other than the site variations, there are usually morphological variations of the lesions referred to as verrucous, lichenoid, linear, annular, follicular, figurate, and gyrate lesions (Lui, 2012: Oguejiofo, 2010). Implications for Nursing Psoriasis affects skin appearance and, as the skin is an exposed visible organ, can cause extreme psychological responses on patient. Nurses, therefore, have a continuous duty to psychologically help patients suffering from such conditions. This is because the condition affects the persons sense of self-concept. The constituents of self-concept that are normally evaluated by nurses comprise body image and self-esteem. The implications of nursing assessment include patients psychosocial responses to these components that often result in social isolation and, subsequently, loneliness (Menter Stoff, 2011). Many individuals in such conditions are usually disturbed by the body image and appearance, fear the risk of social isolation and experience changes in the self-esteem. Nurses need to be aware of the identifying characteristics of this diagnosis and the suitable nursing interventions to be employed that can result in positive patient outcomes (Menter Stoff, 2011). Nurses are, theref ore, in a unique position to handle the multidimensional impacts of psoriasis. Some of the interventions that can be employed are: Promoting understanding of the patient through explanations that there is no cure for psoriasis, though the disease can be controlled through lifetime management and advising patients to avoid the provoking factors. Promoting skin integrity; this is done by advising patients not to scratch psoriatic areas, instead to prevent the skin from drying out and clean with not too hot water, and teaching patients to use bath oil or emollient cleansing agent meant for sore and scaling skin. Improving self-concept and body image; this involves introduction of coping strategies that helps minimize stress and training patient to embrace self-care. Treatment Long term treatment is one of the nursing implications that must be initiated after nursing assessment and diagnosis of the psoriasis condition. Psoriasis is a chronic disease and, therefore, its therapy is long-term, needs to be individualized, depending on age, occupation, sex, and severity of the disease and available resources (Menter Stoff, 2011). Treatment of scalp psoriasis is still a challenge to the dermatologists. An effective management mechanism is essential and should include examination of the severity of the condition. The objectives of management are to slow the possible quick turnover of epidermis and to encourage solutions of the psoriatic lesions by addressing the aggravating factors, assessing the patients condition with a view of minimizing stress, gentle removal of scales using oils that soften the scales (Lui, 2012). There are three main types of therapy used in handling psoriasis. These include: topical, phototherapy, and systemic agents that can be used inde pendently or concurrently (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Topical Therapy this is an outpatient therapy used as the basic methodology in the treating mild plaque psoriasis. This involves administration of medicines in cream or ointment forms applied to the affected skin and scalp areas. Phototherapy - used when there is extensive and widespread resistance to topical treatment. This type of therapy requires special facilities that can offer two main forms of phototherapy. The first one is ultraviolet B (UVB) that uses ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths 290-320 nm, and the second is photo chemotherapy (PUVA), which includes a photosensitizing drug methoxsalen administered orally to patients, then ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation to treat individuals with widespread disease (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Systemic Therapy; this is employed when both, phototherapy and topical forms of treatments prove to be ineffective, and is administered on patients suffering from erythrodermic psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, and widespread pustular psoriasis. The major implication that comes with the diagnosis and the treatment of psoriasis is the high cost of this therapy that many patients may not afford. Some of the drugs used in the therapy may include antimetabolites, such as methotrexate, acitretin, cyclosporine, which is used to selectively inhibit the T-helper cell from producing IL-2, thus produces immunosuppressive effects. Others include sulphasalazine and mycophenolate mofetil, which is still under evaluation, intended to prevent synthesis of the nucleotide guanosine (Bandyopadhyay, 2012). Conclusion Psoriasis is a non-contagious chronic skin disease that is manifested by inflammatory itchy patches on the skin and is clinically identified by well established, reddish papules and plaques enclosed with silvery scales that are generally circular or oval shaped. These patches usually appear on the elbows, knees, and on the exterior surfaces and scalp, but may be manifested all over the body. This condition is caused by malfunctions of the immune system and exposure to environmental factors (Langley, 2010). Nursing assessment of the disease is through clinical observation and physical examination for the identifying characteristics of this diagnosis that include feelings related to soreness, burning, itchiness of the skin, or painful joints and presence of lesions that show distinct border, are raised above the skin surface, and appear red in color. There are a lot of nursing implications that range from self-esteem and feeling of isolation to the cost of therapy administration (Mente r Stoff, 2011). The nurses also have a responsibility to advice the patients on the best self-practices alongside administration of therapies, such as topical, phototherapy, and systemic agents to maintain the disease. Buy custom Psoriasis essay

How fertility was portrayed in ancient art Essay

How fertility was portrayed in ancient art - Essay Example The earliest artifacts that portray fertility can be said to emanate from both the historical periods of Neolithic and Paleolithic period. These images included sculptures in which females were portrayed, whereby the artists presented the women with swollen bellies, as well as accentuated thighs and breasts. One of these images is the â€Å"Venus of Willendorf†, which encompasses a figure of a female that is well rounded. The picture of the woman in this portrait has been carved from limestone whose shape is that of an egg. This work portrays fertility since it seems that the artist who curved it linked fertility with the shape of the stone used, which resembled an egg. Fertility in this artwork can also be portrayed by the fact that it has some features, which can be regarded as the phenomenon of female figurines (Liu 147). Some archeologists have referred to this image as the goddess of fertility. This image is crucial since it portrays some features that relate to fertility . For example, the swelling in the image, as well as the femininity emphasized by the sculptor, can be connected to female fertility. From this image, fertility, in its physical form, can be seen from most of the features that the image possesses. The female figure appears as strong and large, which is common in pregnant women who fall under the category of fertile people. The continuity and change about fertility can be depicted by the fact that figure appears as stable. In addition, the hands of the female figure can be seen resting on her breasts, which further presents her as strong. The power seen in the figure can be associated with childbirth and stable health, which relate to fertility (Liu 147). Another ancient piece of art that represents fertility is the â€Å"Venus of laussel.† This image consists of a drawing, which portrays an overweight woman, but with little presented about her looks. This figure can be found in Laussel, which is a cave in the French Valley of Dordogne. Scholars of the Paleolithic period have asserted that the woman in this image holds a crescent moon. The figure held by the woman resembles the crescent moon. In addition, the figure has 13 stripes, which represent the lunar cycle. Since the Venus has her hand on her belly, which is of large size, this can be regarded to be a sign of fertility. Moreover, the tallies, which the crescent has, can sometimes be referred as the total number of cycles of menstruation, which a woman experiences in one year. This image can be regarded as important since it presents some of the symbols, which related to fertility in women (James 230). The other image that represents fertility is the â€Å"Sculptured Vase† from the Uruk Period. This sculpture represents Inanna, the goddess associated with both fertility and love. This figure represents a huge image of the goddess receiving some offerings. In addition, there is also a representation of a man who is nude. The purpose of the va se is to honor the goddess, who can be considered valuable for the role she plays when it come to fertility. It is believed that this goddess blesses women with children and enables people to fall in love with one another. Therefore, it can be argued that this image is crucial as it represents the goddess who determines whether people are fertile. The continuity of fertility in Uruk Period can be seen to be connected to the

Gramsci's Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gramsci's Philosophy - Assignment Example This is because any slight manifestation of intellectual activityin any language contains varied conceptions of the world. The diverse conceptions are necessitated by the fact that everyone is unique in his or her way. Thereafter, an individual may be compelled to move to the next level of conceptualization, which entails criticism and awareness. In other words, spontaneous philosophy gives people insights on how their world is; thus, they are presented with the opportunity to take part in everything that occurs in it. Spontaneous philosophy consists of three elements namely;common sense and good sense, language and religion. First, the language in spontaneous philosophy should not have baseless words, but concepts and notions that have content. Common sense as an element of spontaneous philosophy refers to the illogical set of held beliefs and assumptions common to any society; whereas good sense refers to the concrete realistic, common sense in the English meaning of the term. Gram sci’s intention in conceptualizing spontaneous philosophy aims at giving individuals an opportunity to criticize their own conceptions of the world. This in turn, makes the world comprehensible and raises it to a level that can only be reached by the utmost advanced opinions in the whole world. In addition to that, acquiring one’s own conception of the world puts an individual within the same social framework with other individuals who are likely to share the same philosophy. 2. Discuss in detail the passage from spontaneous philosophy to philosophy of Praxis. Engage the moment of critical awareness, which serves as a transition. What, then, is philosophy of Praxis and what sets it apart from spontaneous philosophy? Spontaneous philosophy begins with individuals viewing themselves as philosophers. This is magnified by the fact that everyone is unique in his or her own way; thus, they view the world differently. The varied conceptualization of the world makes one belong to a particular group where common thoughts are shared. In these groups, thoughts and conceptualizations of individuals are tailored to make them be at par with the world’s most advanced thoughts. This forms the starting point of one’s critical elaboration since he gets the opportunity to have knowledge of himself. After comprehension of oneself, individuals are supposed to have a better understanding of the philosophical history as well as the history of culture. Knowledge of one’s history of culture and philosophy puts one in a better place to have a clear and critical conception of the world. Understanding one’s language is also central in conceptualizing the world since it lessens the intricacy in comprehending things. Language understanding also enables the translation of one culture to the other; thus, producing a new culture with an extraordinary element of intellectualorder and harmonizationis made easier. The philosophy of Praxis denotes the soc io-practical activity whereby actions and thoughts are mutually determined. It cannot present itself at the beginning in a critical and polemical appearance, but as superseding the prevailing perceptible thoughts and the existing modes of thinking. First, it must be criticize the commonsense notion, basing its arguments that everyone is a philosopher in his or her own way. Then, it must criticize the philosophy of intellectuals, from which the history of philosophy developed. Having understood these criticisms, one may conclude that philosophy of Praxis leads to a higher life conception and does not leave simple details in their nascent philosophy of common sense. 3. Discuss the differences between the two great (in Gramsci’

Riordan Manufacturing Team Building Essay Example for Free

Riordan Manufacturing Team Building Essay Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. Its products include plastic beverage containers produced at its plant in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts produced at its plant in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced at its facilities in Hangzhou, China. The companys research and development is done at the corporate headquarters in San Jose. Riordans major customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers. As you can see Riordan is a large company with offices worldwide and communication and travel can be a major expense for the company especially when implementing new lines and technology at one of their facilities. Future statements made by Riordan, We will maintain an innovative and team oriented working environment. By assuring that our employees are well informed and properly supported, we will provide a climate focused on the long term viability of our company. We must be focused in achieving and maintaining reasonable profitability to assure that the financial and human capital is available for sustained growth. As Riordan moves forward with their mission statements the cost of implementing new technology and training employees to operate and manage these new systems costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. The companys most recent expansion took place in 2014 when it opened its operations in China. At that time, the entire fan manufacturing operation was moved from Michigan to China and the Pontiac, MI facility was retooled for the manufacture of custom plastic parts. During the first quarter of the  expansion travel costs alone just for the training of the ongoing systems integration project surpassed one hundred thousand dollars. We know that Riordan will always be on the forefront of applying new technology and systems to keep up with market trends in the future. This is why implementing the creation, deployment, and support of effective interactive distance learning and communication systems to improve business, is crucial to the ongoing success of the company. The CADE system will reduce thousands of dollars of travel expenses directly related to the training required with each new system at all of the company’s facilities. Developing a distance learning system that will allow Riordan to provide effective training through teleconferencing from their headquarters in San Jose CA to facilities all over the world will reduce expenses by millions of dollars over the long term. The Need for Training and Communication The cornerstone of a competitive organization is its highly trained workforce. In today’s market, product life-cycles are shorter, more complex. The available time for training is greatly reduced. Many companies are downsizing and the responsibilities of those that remain are increased, jobs are consolidated. Corporate communication and training needs have never been more important Time becomes one of the most limited resources. Regardless of the industry, many of these issues are very much the same: (Velocedge Inc, 2014). High cost and increased difficulty of travel Inability to reach all employees anywhere, anytime High cost of training, continuing education Lack of qualified instructors or presenters Time it takes to get a message to all employees Expensive to develop effective training and communication programs Loss of productivity when employees take off work for travel, training, or meetings Difficulty in transferring knowledge throughout the organization The CADE System The Communications And Distance Education (CADE) system is designed to  facilitate live, interactive programs over a satellite, Internet, or streaming video network as well as capture those programs for later playback. Interactive Satellite Delivery During an interactive broadcast, the instructor or presenter can ask multiple choice, true/false, yes/no, numeric, and multiple selection questions and participants can respond with either wireless remote controls in a classroom setting or through a personal computer. The PC at each remote location collects participant responses from the wireless remotes and transmits them back to the presenter over an intranet or Internet connection. Participants may also speak with the presenter, using voice over IP, PBX, or standard telephone line, and everyone in the broadcast can listen to that conversation. Interactive Web Delivery With CADE eTutor, interactive training and communication programs can be delivered over the Internet/Intranet. It provides the same capabilities of the satellite delivery system, as well as a few extra features, in a desktop version using highly compressed audio and video over IP. Capture All Interaction Participant responses are captured, time-stamped, and stored in a web-based learning management system. In addition to capturing the satellite based information, the CADE system also supports web based training, classroom, paper based, and is fully SCORM compliant. All data in the CADE system is created, managed, and accessed through this web-based portal to the database. CADE System Components The CADE system is comprised of a number of software applications. These applications include: Studio Control System The instructor or presenters interface Virtual Classroom The remote site control program eTutor The web-based interactive delivery system Learning Management Web The web-based learning management system New System Flow Diagram for CADE System at Riordan Manufacturing The new CADE is a free standing system that has virtually no effect or interaction with any of the present Information systems or processes currently in use by Riordan Manufacturing. The CADE system is designed to facilitate live, interactive programs over a satellite, Internet, or streaming video network as well as capture those programs for later playback. CADE is primarily a software based product but it represents a new paradigm in software development, utilizing an effective integration of world-class software components and Internet technologies in an adaptive architecture. To keep pace with todays rapidly changing world, CADE was designed to incorporate change as quickly as an organization realizes the need for change. Corporate management faces many issues that can keep an organization from being as competitive and profitable as it needs to be CADE wont be one of them. As a new or better technology solution is identified, an idea to improve a feature, or a new function desired, that change can be easily incorporated into the CADE products keeping your system continually up to date, meeting each new requirement, and keeping your investment protected. Satellite -Live -On-demand -Prerecorded Interactive Web Training Audio/Video -Live -Prerecorded Web Courses SCORM Classroom Video On Demand Desktop Classroom CADE Advantages to Riordan Interactive Distance Learning Even though there is a lot of talk about distance education, over 90% of all formal training continues to use classroom delivery. The major cost driver of training is delivery. Satellite or web based, Interactive Distance Learning (IDL) provides the benefits of classroom without the large cost. (Velocedge Inc, 2014). . Faster Deliver to more people in less time, Concept to delivery time in hours or days, Cut classroom delivery time in half, Deliver to entire target population in one broadcast Cheaper Fewer experts needed to deliver message, Deliver to more people with less cost, Low cost to develop and deliver content, Incalculable cost savings: time off work, travel, per diem, etc. Better Over 25% improvement in student retention, Most consistent message delivery, one voice Standardized design , Utilize only the most qualified instructors, Provides detailed tracking and reporting (Velocedge Inc, 2014). Presently Riordan’s first quarter number’s pertaining to the General Administrative line item is over budget one hundred thousand dollars due to travel and per diem expenses related to emergency training of the new systems that have been added. By incorporating the new CADE system to provide long distance training this will eliminate any additional over budget expenses caused by the new systems and also provide low cost long distance training for any future systems that are put in use by the company. The new CADE system will reduce company expenses in many ways: reducing or eliminating travel and per diem costs, reducing course development costs, reducing the number of trainers, reducing the time off work, reducing the time to develop a course, and many other ways. Pricing is based on the number of remote sites you have and the Presentation Studio System that is specified. However, the cost is a fraction of what you are spending now to train your employees. References Velocedge Inc. (2014). velocity and knowledge. Retrieved from http://www.velocedge.com/ Learn.net. (2014). The CADE System. Retrieved from http://www.velocedge.com/CADEnew/Products/index.htm

Johnny Tremain :: essays research papers

Johnny Tremain a young boy grown up as an apprentice during the 1700’s in Boston was an unfortunate but lucky kid. In the next several paragraphs, I will describe interesting parts in the book and also described the Authors factorial & emotional feeling and not to mention my feelings toward the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of my favorite parts of the book was when Lyte came in and wanted a silver piece made by Mr. Lampham in which he had made one before, years ago, Mr. Lamphem wasn’t quite sure if he he still had it, so he was thinking of not doing it, but Johnny was so brave and sure only as an apprentice, he offered to do it. To me that really showed how enthustatic and dedicated Johnny was to the silversmith, when he did ask to do it, Mr. Lampham doubted very seriously that Johnny could do such a thing, but he still trys and works on it very hard and time consuming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another good part of the story is when Johnny is basically crippled with one of his hands, and is basically worth nothing, when at one time Johnny was wanted by a lot of masters because he was very talented with his hands. It really makes you think if you were to lose a talent how you would feel about it and act upon it, it made me feel thankful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another interesting part of the book was when Johnny went to look for a job. Johnny was so persistent when trying to find another apprentice job. He didn’t really care about what kind of job it was he just wanted a job, he went from place to place trying as hard as he could to hid his crippled hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Johnny started his job with the Sons of Liberty as a news paper route boy it came to be a very interesting section of the book. It was interesting because, he was giving a code to all of the Sons of Liberty members saying â€Å" You owe the Boston herald 6 schilling†, meaning that night there would be a meeting at 6:00 PM that night. He was becoming part of the Sons of Liberty and it was starting to get really good, especially when he started trying to find out when the British attacking , posting at, and grouping at. It was also good when John Adams has him blow a whistle to send the Sons of Liberty to

Bloomberg Help Essay

Introduction In this tutorial I will provide an outline to the Bloomberg Essentials On Line training Program also known as BESS. The Bloomberg Essentials program provides a convenient way to learn the basics of Bloomberg Professional financial information system. The training consists of a series of videos (with scrolling transcripts), on-line Help screens and supporting documents. The video tutorial materials are organized into 8 modules as follows: 1. Bloomberg Core 1. Getting Started 2. Bloomberg News 3. Market Monitors and Launchpad 4. API (Bloomberg Data in Excel) 2. Bloomberg Market Sector 1. Equity Essentials 2. Fixed Income Essentials 3. FX (Foreign Exchange) Essentials 4. Commodity Essentials To earn a certificate or Acknowledgement of Completion, you must view the four Bloomberg Core videos and pass the Bloomberg Core Exam, then view at least one of the Bloomberg Market Sector videos and pass its corresponding exam. For example if you are interested in foreign exchange markets, you might consider viewing the FX Essentials training video and then taking the FX Essentials exam. Keep in mind that you only get two chances to take each exam so you need to put in some serious time and effort into the training materials and mastering the concepts before you take the exam. To get started with the BESS training, you should first create your own Bloomberg login. Bloomberg tracks your progress and exam scores using your unique login. A brief tutorial on creating a Bloomberg login can be foundhere. You may also wish to have a set of headphones or ear buds handy for listening to the Bloomberg videos without distracting others around you. The Bloomberg keyboard has a headphone jack th at (if configured properly) should allow you to listen to the videos in privacy. As you are viewing a video, open up an additional Bloomberg window and type in the commands as they are described. You can also pause the video to do more exploration of a particular function  or rewind the video to listen and watch an example again if you did not understand it the first time. Once the video is over, challenge yourself to run through all of the commands just introduced and then practice them to make sure they stay fresh in your memory. THE BLOOMBERG ESSENTIALS ON LINE TRAINING PROGRAM (BESS) Accessing BESS on Bloomberg To get started, log in to the Bloomberg Professional software using your own Bloomberg login account. If you do not have a Bloomberg account, click here for a brief tutorial on creating a new login. In any window, type in BESS (type the letters BESS followed by the Enter key) to display the Bloomberg Essentials screen as shown below: As you can see from the BESS screen, the videos for each of the modules can be launched by clicking on their titles. Along the bottom of the screen there are links to view and take exams, as well as a link to request the Acknowledgement of Completion. On the following pages, each of the videos is introduced along with some pointers for getting most out of your studying time. Bloomberg Getting Started Essentials The Getting Started Essentials training video is approximately 18 minutes long and provides a basic introduction to the Bloomberg including how the Bloomberg Terminal software is organized, key terms used throughout the Bloomberg system and the basics ways of navigating through the system. Some specific topics include broad market analysis, single security analysis, browsing News and obtaining help. When viewing this video pay particular attention to the key terms and definitions, the various ways of obtaining help, and the special function keys available on the Bloomberg keyboard. The video tutorial begins with a high level overview of Bloomberg’s menu based navigation system starting with the MAIN menu function. This function shows how Bloomberg’s data and screens are organized into market sectors, trading systems, customization and settings tools, Bloomberg Law and Government and Help and Support. The next section of the tutorial introduces the Bloomberg keyboard. The keys are color coded according to their overall purpose such as: Red Keys are used to log into the system (the Red DFLT key) and to cancel a current function(red Cancel key in the upper left corner). Green keys are used for navigation and obtaining help such as the block of green navigation keys on the right for Page Up, Page Down, End, Menu, etc. and the Green Help, Search, News, etc. keys along the top of the keyboard. Yellow keys are the market sector keys. Each one helps in identifying financial instruments or market sectors. These yellow market sector keys include Govt (for Government debt), CORP (for Corporate debt), MTGE for Mortgages, M-MKT for Money markets, MUNI for Municipal securities, PFD for preferred, EQUITY for equities, CMDT for Commodities, INDEX for indexes, CRNCY for currencies (foreign exchange) and finally CLIENT for portfolio management functions. Obtaining Help in Bloomberg There are a number of ways to obtain help in the Bloomberg system. As the tutorial continues, note that Pressing the green HELP key while on any screen will bring up a help screen that explains the function the screen is implementing as well as tips on using the screen and what each field or area of the screen represents. The picture below shows the help screen for the MOST function (Most active equities). Another way to obtain interactive help is to press the HELP key two times. This will open up a chat session with the Bloomberg help desk. Type in any question you might have and a Bloomberg help desk representative will walk you through any functions or screens to answer your question. The third way to obtain help is to press HELP key after typing in the name or ticker symbol of a financial instrument (or any word for that matter). The result will be a list of different search categories matching your query. For example, typing in BOB EVANS provides the search results that follow. Note Bloomberg found results in categories such as Companies, People, News, Law, Equities and Fixed Income.: Content Areas: News, Economics and World Indices The next section of the video tutorial focuses on four major content areas: News, Economic Calendar, World Equity Indices, and Economic Statistics. Bloomberg Top News To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N . Bloomberg Economic Calendar The Bloomberg Economic calendar displays prior and announced economic report releases. To access Bloomberg Economic Calendar type ECO . Bloomberg World Equity Indices The Bloomberg World Equity Indices screen displays leading indices from equity markets around the world. This screen allows you to compare both current market levels as well as historical levels. To access the Bloomberg World Equities Indices screen type WEI . Bloomberg Economic Statistics The Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen can be used to display economic indicators such as Consumer Price Index (CPI), unemployment, housing, consumer confidence and many others for dozens of countries around the world. To access the Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen type ECST . Single Security Analysis The next set of functions demonstrated all work on a single security. So to get started with each one, we type in the ticker symbol of a company, then press the EQUITY (F8) key. Then follow this up by typing in the name of the function. Company Description The company description screen provides an overview of the company including its industry, current and historical price chart and data, recent searching and dividend data and other summary information. There are a total of 4 screens (press PG DOWN for additional screen). For example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM DES Bloomberg Historical Prices The HP function can be used to view a set of historical equity prices. For  example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM HP Bloomberg Graph Prices The GP function can be used to create a price graph of a security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM GP Bloomberg Company News The CN function can be used to search for news articles mentioning a specific security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command to search for news would be: IBM CN Bloomberg â€Å"Cheat Sheets† In addition to the help screens that Bloomberg provides, there are also â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents – that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions organized by asset type or by job function. To get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the function tt>CHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Bloomberg Messaging System The last portion of the Getting Started tutorial video introduces the Bloomberg Messaging system. This is basically an e-mail system built into the Bloomberg software that allows you to send messages, screen captures and other materials to others on the Bloomberg network. To get started with the Bloomberg Messaging system, simply press the green MSG button or type in the function: MSG Messages are listed in the inbox – click on a message to view its contents. There is a yellow text box used to search for messages and buttons to create new messages, etc. Bloomberg News Essentials The Bloomberg News Essentials video is approximately 20 minutes long and focuses exclusively on the Bloomberg News functionality. Specific topics include drilling down from the top level news function N down through different news categories to specific news articles. Custom news searches, screens and alerts are also covered. When going through this material pay particular attention to how the Bloomberg news is organized and the various methods used to browse and search for news articles. The Bloomberg Top News Screen The video tutorial begins with a review of the BLoomberg Top News screen. To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N or you can type TOP . The default top news screen shows top news world wide. There are a set of Topic heading along the left side in the gray colored sidebar. Clicking on any one of those topics narrows the news search down. Clicking on any news headline will bring up the full news article. Once the news story is displayed, it can be printed, bookmarked by clicking on the star icon (or option 91)), or forwarded to a colleague using the Send Story feature. These are shown in the upper right corner of the screen. If the news story has an attachment it will be available under the 97) selection. In this example there is a chart attached to the story. The search field is in the upper left corner and allows you to search for keywords within the story. Note that this story has 3 pages. By scrolling to the end of the story you can view a section of Related News and Information in addition to the author’s contact information. Customizing Top News The Top news screen can be customized to filter and display only those news headlines relevant to the user. For example, the Top News pages by including only relevant topics selected form the list of categories on the right as  shown here: Bloomberg News Advanced Search The Advanced Search feature can be used to build up a sophisticated search on Bloomberg news (beyond looking for simple keywords). From the Top News screen (N ), pull down the 97) Actions screen and click on the Create Advanced Search menu item. Searches can be saved and associated with alerts so that any new news article matching the advanced search criteria will be brought to your attention. For example, the advanced search below is set up to look for the phrases â€Å"Share Buyback† or â€Å"Stock Buyback† that appear in stories related to the Information technology and Telecommunications industries. The source of the news story should be Bloomberg News (BN). Bloomberg Launchpad Essentials The Bloomberg Launchpad is a graphical user interface that can be customized to create multiple screens or â€Å"Views† made up of market data, charts, news and other components. A view can consist of multiple pages that can be created, customized and saved. While going through this 30 minute video, it is easy to create your own Launchpad views along side the instructional video. Pay particular attention to the types of components (watch lists, news minder, etc.) that can be added to the Launchpad view and the different ways in which these components can be linked. For example, the Monitor (watch list) component has a number of ways in which individual and collections of securities can be added to the watch lists and then linked to other components such as News. Below is an example of a Bloomberg Launchpad view showing a number of different components (click for a larger image). A Market Monitor is in the upper left corner showing major market indexes for North America, Latin America (LATAM), Europe and Asia/Pacific. This monitor is linked to the News/Research pane below such that clicking on a market index will bring up Bloomberg News filtered for that specific index and region. The monitor is also linked to the line chart in the upper right corner so clicking on one of the indexes causes the chart to display. An Economic Calendar is displayed below the line chart showing historical economic indicator  releases. An intraday Market Map is displayed in the lower right corner and is also linked to the Market Monitor. The Market Map is an interactive map showing stocks by market capitalization broken down by industry and sector and colored according to their price gains (green) or losses (red) during the current trading day. Bloomberg API Essentials The Bloomberg API is a spreadsheet Add-in module for Microsoft Excel that provides various methods for bringing Bloomberg data directly into Excel. The Excel API video is the longest and probably the most detailed tutorial in the Essentials collection. Highlights of this 30 minute video include working with the different Wizards that are available to fetch different types of data. These wizards include: Data Navigation – Download data for a single security from a set of categories including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX. Real-Time / Historical Navigation – Fetch real-time and historical market data including intraday and end-of-day data. Equity Screener – The Equities Screen feature allows you to screen stocks based on different criteria. Financials / Estimates – Provides the means to retrieve historical balance sheet and analyst estimates data. Technical Analysis navigator – Similar to the historical data wizard but includes a collection of technical analysis indicators. Ultimately given a description of the final data set required, you should be able to identify the appropriate Wizard to run and/or or Bloomberg Excel function to use to fetch that data. Other features described in the video are the Template Library which is a collection of pre-designed spreadsheets that can be further customized. Below is a picture of the Bloomberg Ribbon bar running in Microsoft Excel 2010. Bloomberg API – Data Navigation The Data Navigation wizard provides a convenient way to download a set of related data for a single security. After launching the wizard and selecting a security (Apple (AAPL) in this example), a list of categories are presented including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus  Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX as shown below: After navigating from Company Summary to Overview, the resulting data can be dropped into Excel using the â€Å"Drag to Excel† button as shown below: Bloomberg API – Real Time / Historical Data The Real Time / Historical data wizard provides a set of steps to ultimately create a formula (or set of formulas) in Excel that will fetch real-time data from the Bloomberg network or populate the spreadsheet with rows of historical data. The icon and drop down menus for the Import Data function are shown below: For example, the Real-Time/Current wizard prompts for a security (AAPL in this example) and then a set of fields (PX_LAST for last price, PX_BID for Bid Price and PX_ASK for Ask price were selected). the result is a set of three Bloomberg BDP functions (Bloomberg Data Point functions) that pull the data from the Bloomberg network into Excel as shown below (note the formula in cell B2): Additional Resources for the Bloomberg Excel API Bloomberg offers additional tutorials and other resources to help you learn even more about the API. An interactive Bloomberg Excel tutorial can launched using command function : XATP XAPI This tutorial launches MS Excel and provides a collection of example worksheets that document the various features of the Bloomberg Excel Add-in. Of particular interest are the large collection of BLoomberg-specific functions such as BDP, BDH, BDS, BCURVE, BEQS, and others. Bloomberg Equity Essentials The Bloomberg Equity Essentials video covers one of the four alternate Market Sectors for the Bloomberg Essentials program. This 35 minute video covers the main functions for researching equities (stocks) using the Bloomberg terminal. Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials The Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials video is 25 minute in duration and covers the main functions for searching and analyzing fixed income instruments such as corporate bonds, municipal bond and government treasuries. The Fixed Income video is one of four alternate Market Sector areas. Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials The Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials video is 35 minutes in length and covers various foreign exchange instruments such as spot FX, forwards, swaps and interest rate products. Bloomberg Commodities Essentials The Bloomberg Commodities Essentials covers the use of Bloomberg to monitor and analyze the spot and futures commodities markets. This video is 27 minutes long and represents one of the four alternate Market Sector specialties in the Bloomberg Essentials program. In the next pages I will provide some tips on taking the exams. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Exams Once you have reviewed the four Core videos you will be eligible to take the Core Essentials exam. From the BESS screen click on the link to View and Take Exams. The Master Exams screen will appear as shown below: Usually the first exam to be taken will be the Core Essentials exam with Mnemonic COREESS. When you are ready to take the exam click on this link and the exam will launch. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Core Exam When the Bloomberg Core Essentials (COREESS) exam launches it will present a notice about the grading policy for the exam. Note that the exam is not graded until answers to all 30 questions have been submitted. Pressing the Menu button will close this notice screen and the exam will start off with question number 1. Below is an example question and answer format (the actual question and answers have been obscured). Answering a question is a two step process: First click on your answer choices, and then click on the red Submit button at the bottom of the screen. You cannot proceed to the next question until the current question is submitted. Note also that the entire exam’s answers are not checked until the last question is submitted. Continue answering questions and Submitting answers until you reach the last (30th) question. Bloomberg University Bloomberg University is a collection of help and documentation guides along with schedules and sign-up sheets for Bloomberg training events. To access Bloomberg University use the code BU to bring up the screen: Of particular interest to new Bloomberg users are the various â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions. TO get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the code CHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Conclusions In this series of posts I have covered a very basic introduction to Bloomberg including creating your own Bloomberg account and going through the Bloomberg Essentials training.

The Stereotypes Of Indigenous Australians And Torres...

The injustice of stereotypes begins with depictions of diverse groups as uniform. For Indigenous Australian stereotypes, there are prevailing negative views of laziness, welfare abuse, substance abuse, and criminality (Perkins, 2014). Initial negative stereotypes of Indigenous Australians were based on social-Darwinist theories (Harrison Sellwood, 2016). However, contemporary stereotypes might be attributed to ignorance of Australia’s past paternalistic colonialism on contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Stereotypes negatively impact the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This is clear in constructing identity, and the expectations others have of Indigenous Australians. Identity is often constructed based on affiliations with particular groups. When one identifies with a group, one mimics the perceived qualities of that group (Swann, Jetten, Gomez, Whitehouse Bastian, 2012). For Indigenous Australians, they may conform to the above negative stereo types partly because of how they are represented in the dominant culture. Forrest notes that dominant cultural perspectives bombard Indigenous Australians (Forrest, n.d.). Therefore, prevailing negative stereotypes and conformity with those stereotypes can be attributed to the dominant culture. Knowledge of negative stereotypes can influence people’s performance. Stereotype threat creates extra performance pressure through apprehensiveness about conforming to negative stereotypes (Woolfolk Show MoreRelatedLegal And Ethical Issues Of The Media1430 Words   |  6 Pages When representing indigenous Australians in the media, a deep understanding of cultural practices, beliefs, consent and privacy are critical in producing content that is both legally and ethically appropriate. 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Most media stories are viewed as one sided or racist with even the Prime Minster Tony Abbott making comments that it is a ‘lifestyle choice’ for the Indigenous peoples to live the way that they doRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander History1749 Words   |  7 PagesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, language and culture are part of who we are as Australians. It is important for me as a pre-service teacher to be aware of how my personal background, experiences and ideas about identity will influence my teaching philosophy to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. My ability to understand the cultural identities of all students in my class is necessary for addressing their individual needs. We all bring our own perspectives and waysRead MoreQuestions On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Education1427 Words   |  6 Pagesthe learning in each Topic 1 links to the Cherbourg schooling experiences by discussing the issues and contexts in Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander education. It explores students’ own cultural beliefs and behaviours as well as skills needed to be effective in cross-cultural setting (Bonney, 2014). Chris explains that the main issues relating to Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander’s in regards to their education is mostly their social and emotional wellbeing. A large cause of this is possiblyRead MoreThe Australian Bureau Of Statistics2677 Words   |  11 PagesThe Australian Bureau of Statistics estimated that in 2011 there were approximately 548, 370 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) peoples residing in Australia. That number is estimated to be approximately two and a half per cent of the total Australian population (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Of these individuals, it is estimated that 90 per cent were of Aboriginal descent, six per cent were of Torres Strai t Islander descent, and four per cent identified as being of both AboriginalRead MoreThe South West Corner Of Wa1042 Words   |  5 Pagestribes. They would also hold ceremonies and significant celebrations there. Both men and women from the Nyungar tribes would have scarification on their back, chest, arms and legs, as these were traditional rites of passage. Unlike most Aboriginal Australians, Nyungars did not perform circumcision or sub-incision on their children. The first European settlements arrived in the area around 1829, and with them the beginning of change and loss for the Nyungar people (Municipal Heritage Inventory, Sept.Read MoreRacial Discrimination Against Aboriginal Australians From The Point Of View Of An Indigenous Individual Essay2257 Words   |  10 Pagesdie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This famous poem by Indigenous Australian Colleen Kickner (George, 2015) highlights the extreme racial discrimination against Aboriginal Australians from the point of view of an Indigenous individual, specifically in regards to the consumption of alcohol. The somewhat vulgar language as well as being slightly comical in a way, paints a very good picture of how strongly Kickner feels towards the prejudice shown and assumptions made by the (presumably) non-Indigenous first responders to an emergencyRead MoreThe Gap Between Aboriginal And Torres1374 Words   |  6 Pagesassessment 1. I plan to close the gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people and between non-Indigenous people by putting in place strategies that advocate cultural inclusivity. The first strategies I would use would be would be to make people aware. Being aware of the local aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communality. Also being aware of their local heritage. When the centre is aware of the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander community and the issues they may have. The centre can